Phosphoenolpyruvic acid monopotassium salt is involved in glycolysis and gluconeogeneis. In glycolysis PEP is metabolized by Pyruvate Kinase to yield pyruvate. In plants PEP is involved in the formation of aromatic amino acids as well as in the carbon fixation pathway.

Methyl retinoate (Retinoic acid, methyl ester) induces aseptic inflammation at the site of administration in in vivo experiments, which causes an increase in the number of leukocytes in the blood and a decrease in the levels of red blood cells and Hb.Methyl retinoate promotes spontaneous leukemia.Methyl retinoate can be Used in the treatment of gastric hypertrophy and ulcers due to vitamin A deficiency.

Ethyl oleate is the liquid lipid component in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs).?NLC is a promising vehicle for oral trans-Ferulic acid (TFA) administration.?